Diphtheria, a contagious bacterial infection, is causing concern in Rajasthan. Know the symptoms, causes, and learn effective prevention methods to protect yourself.
In a tragic incident, seven children died of Diphtheria in Rajasthan in one month. A serious bacterial infection that can affect the throat, nose and sometimes the skin. Diphtheria attacks the upper respiratory system and causes severe damage to the heart and nerves. According to media reports, the latest victim of the disease is a five-year-old child from Deeg village in Sikri, Rajasthan. The reports blame low immunization coverage in underdeveloped areas, which is the only approach to prevent this dangerous virus. Apart from vaccinations, antibiotics can also help treat infections. Read on to find out what diphtheria actually is and how to avoid spreading it.
Diphtheria cases are increasing in Rajasthan
The first death in the state occurred on September 14, 2024, when a seven-year-old child from Kaman village died of the disease. Three more children died by the end of the month, including a six-year-old girl. According to News reports, the state health department as well as the World Health Organization have sent several teams to Sikri for further investigation. Antibiotics will also be given to local children, and a list of eligible children has been created by the relevant departments.
What is diphtheria?
Diphtheria is spread by a bacterium called Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which produces a toxin that causes a buildup of gray tissue in your throat, causing severe swallowing and breathing problems, according to the World Health Organization, “In warmer climates, patients with diphtheria may have skin disease . lesions that do not heal and are covered in gray tissue. “This type of diphtheria, known as cutaneous diphtheria, is also common in the United States where people live in crowded and dangerous environments,” said internist Dr Tushar Tayal.
Causes of diphtheria
Diphtheria is caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This bacteria spreads through close contact with infected people, as found in research published in StatPearls. Here are some common ways diphtheria is transmitted:
- Respiratory droplets: When infected people cough or sneeze, they release small droplets containing bacteria into the air. If someone else inhales these droplets, they can become infected.
- Direct contact: Touching an infected person’s skin or mucous membranes can also spread the bacteria. This is very likely to happen if an infected person has skin sores or open sores.
- Contaminated objects: Bacteria can also survive on surfaces, such as doorknobs, toys, or tools. If someone touches a contaminated object and then touches their mouth, nose, or eyes, they can become infected.
Symptoms of diphtheria
Symptoms of diphtheria usually begin within two to five days after exposure to the bacteria. These symptoms can include, according to the World Health Organization.
- Sore throat
- Fever
- Difficulty swallowing
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
- Hoarse voice
- Cough
As the infection progresses, a thick, gray membrane may form at the back of the throat or nose. This membrane can make breathing difficult and can also block the airways. In severe cases, diphtheria can cause:
It is important to seek immediate medical attention if you or someone you know experiences these symptoms, especially if they are accompanied by a sore throat or difficulty swallowing. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications.
What are the differences in symptoms between children and adults?
Although diphtheria symptoms are generally similar in children and adults, there may be some differences. In children, diphtheria often manifests as a sore throat, fever, difficulty swallowing, and a thick, gray coating at the back of the throat. In adults, symptoms may be less severe and are sometimes confused with the common cold or sore throat. However, adults can still experience serious complications due to diphtheria, such as heart problems and respiratory failure. It is important to seek immediate medical attention if you or your child experience symptoms of diphtheria.
diphtheria treatment
Diphtheria is a serious infection that requires immediate medical attention. “Treatment usually involves a combination of antibiotics and supportive care,” says Dr Tayal.
1. Antibiotics
Antibiotics are very important to kill the bacteria that cause infection. The most commonly used antibiotic for this disease is penicillin. However, if the person is allergic to penicillin, other antibiotics such as erythromycin or clindamycin may be used.
2. Supportive care
Apart from antibiotics, supportive care is also important for the treatment of diphtheria. This may include:
- Fluid: Dehydration can be a serious complication of diphtheria, so it is important to maintain adequate fluid intake.
- Oxygen therapy: If the person has difficulty breathing, oxygen therapy may be necessary.
- Intubation: In severe cases, the person may need to be intubated to help him breathe.
- Antitoxin: Diphtheria antitoxin is a drug that can neutralize toxins produced by bacteria. This is especially important in severe cases of diphtheria.
It is important to remember that treatment of infections should be carried out under the supervision of a healthcare professional. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications.
How to prevent diphtheria?
Diphtheria is a highly contagious bacterial infection, but can be prevented through effective measures. Here are six ways to protect yourself and others from infection:
1. Vaccination
The most effective way to prevent this infection is through vaccination. The diphtheria vaccine is usually given as part of the childhood immunization schedule. It is important to ensure that you and your children are up to date on your vaccinations.
2. Keep it clean
Practicing good hygiene can help reduce the spread of infection. Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom, before eating, and after coming into contact with sick people.
3. Avoid close contact with infected people
If you know someone who has this disease, avoid close contact with that person. This includes staying away from home and avoiding sharing personal items such as eating utensils or towels.
4. Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
If you are sick, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Dispose of tissues properly and wash your hands. This can prevent the spread of disease from one person to another.
5. Clean and disinfect surfaces
Diphtheria bacteria can survive on the surface of objects, so it is important to clean and disinfect these objects regularly. Use household disinfectants to clean surfaces that may have come into contact with an infected person.
6. Seek medical attention if you are worried
If you experience symptoms of infection, such as a sore throat, fever, or difficulty swallowing, it is important to seek immediate medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications.
Who is at greater risk of diphtheria?
Although anyone can contract diphtheria, certain people have a higher risk of contracting it. These include:
- People who have not received the diphtheria vaccine have the highest risk of infection.
- Children are especially susceptible to this infection, especially those who have not received complete vaccinations.
- People with a weak immune system, such as people with HIV/AIDS or cancer, are also at higher risk of developing diphtheria.
- Diphtheria can spread easily in crowded or unhealthy environments, making individuals living in these environments more susceptible to infection.
- Health care workers who come into contact with infected people are also at risk of contracting diphtheria.
Get the latest updates on health and fitness along with Health News
